First Indian ruler to build a major naval force.ġ630: Over the next two years, millions starve to death as Shah Jahan (1592-1666), fifth Mughal Emperor, empties the royal treasury to buy jewels for his "Peacock Throne."ġ647: Shah Jahan completes Taj Mahal in Agra beside Yamuna River. Emancipates large areas confiscated by Muslims, returning them to Hindu control. His son Jahangir succeeds him as fourth Mughal Emperor.ġ613-14: British East India Company sets up trading post at Surat.ġ615-18: Mughals grant Britain right to trade and establish factories in exchange for English navy's protection of the Mughal Empire, which faces Portuguese sea power.ġ619: Jaffna kingdom is annexed and Sri Lanka's ruling dynasty deposed by Portuguese Catholics who, between 15, destroy most of the island's Hindu temples.ġ627-80: Life of Sivaji, valiant general and tolerant founder of Hindu Maratha Empire (1674-1818). Soon controls nearly all of Rajasthan.ġ588: British ships defeat the Spanish Armada off the coast of Calais, France, to become rulers of the high seas.ġ589: Akbar rules half of India, shows tolerance for all faiths.ġ595: Construction is begun on Chidambaram Temple's Hall of a Thousand Pillars in South India, completed in 1685.Ĭa 1600: "Persian wheel" to lift water by oxen is adopted, one of few farming innovations since Indus Valley civilization.ġ600: Royal Charter forms the East India Company, setting in motion a process that ultimately results in the subjugation of India under British rule.ġ605: Akbar the Great dies at age 63. Empire's final collapse comes in 1646.ġ569: Akbar captures fortress of Ranthambor, ending Rajput independence. Disestablishes Islam as state religion and declares himself impartial ruler of Hindus and Muslims encourages art, culture, religious tolerance.ġ565: Muslim forces defeat and completely destroy the city of Vijayanagara. First to train and employ native clergy in conversion efforts, he brings Christianity to India, Malay Archipelago and Japan.ġ556: Akbar (1542-1605), grandson of Babur, becomes third Mughal Emperor at age 13. Occupying Delhi, by 1529 he founds the Indian Mughal Empire (1526-1761), consolidated by his grandson Akbar.ġ542: Portuguese Jesuit priest Francis Xavier (1506-1552), most successful Catholic missionary, lands in Goa. 1510: Portuguese Catholics conquer Goa to serve as capital of their Asian maritime empire, beginning conquest and exploitation of India by Europeans.ġ526: Mughal conqueror Babur (1483-1530) defeats the Sultan of Delhi and captures the Koh-i-noor diamond.
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